Summary of Immanuel Kants Life Essay - 1100 Words

Summary of Immanuel Kants Life Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) spent all of his life in Kà ¶nigsberg, a small German town on the Baltic Sea in East Prussia. (After World War II, Germanys border was pushed west, so Kà ¶nigsberg is now called Kaliningrad and is part of Russia.) At the age of fifty-five, Kant appeared to be a washout. He had taught at Kà ¶nigsberg University for over twenty years, yet had not published any works of significance. During the last twenty-five years of his life, however, Kant left a mark on the history of philosophy that is rivaled only by such towering giants as Plato and Aristotle. Kants three major works are often considered to be the starting points for different branches of modern†¦show more content†¦The central metaphor of the Enlightenment was a notion of the light of reason dispelling the darkness of mythology and misunderstanding. Enlightenment thinkers like Kant felt that history had placed them in the unique position of being able to provide clear reasons and arguments for their beliefs. The ideas of earlier generations, they thought, had been determined by myths and traditions; their own ideas were based on reason. (According to this way of thinking, the French monarchys claims to power were based on tradition; reason prescribed a republican government like that created by the revolution.) Kants philosophical goal was to use logical analysis to understand reason itself. Before we go about analyzing our world, Kant argued, we must understand the mental tools we will be using. In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant set about developing a comprehensive picture of how our mind--our reason-- receives and processes information. Kant later said that the great Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711-76) had inspired him to undertake this project. Hume, Kant said, awoke him from an intellectual slumber. The idea that so inspired Kant was Humes analysis of cause-and-effect relationships. When we talk about events in the world, Hume noted, we say that one thing causes another. But nothing in our perceptions tells us that anything causes anything else. All we knowShow MoreRelatedThe Comparable And Contrastable Philosophies Of Kierkegaard And Kant Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe Comparable and Contrastable Philosophies of Kierkegaard and Kant In this paper, I will investigate the comparable and contrasting views of Soren Kierkegaard and Immanuel Kant. Their extraordinary journeys towards the meaning of morality and ethics is riveting, spiritual, universal, and in many ways, incredibly different. My conclusion is that though there are aspects which bind their theories together, ultimately both men possess different understandings of what morality is and how an individualRead MoreComparing David Hume and Immanuel Kant Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesComparing David Hume and Immanuel Kant David Hume and Immanuel Kant each made a significant break from other theorists in putting forward a morality that doesn’t require a higher being or god, for a man to recognize his moral duty. Although Hume and Kant shared some basic principals they differed on their view of morality. In comparing the different views on human will and the maxims established to determine moral worth by David Hume and Immanuel Kant, I find their theories on morality have someRead MoreEssay on Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)1093 Words   |  5 PagesImmanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) Author of Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785). The Enlightenment was a desire for human affairs to be guided by rationality than by faith, superstition, or revelation; a belief in the power of human reason to change society and liberate the individual from the restraints of custom or arbitrary authority; all backed up by a world view increasingly validated by science rather than by religion or tradition. (Outram 1995) In the eighteenth centuryRead MoreCritique Of Kant1376 Words   |  6 PagesDefining Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and its Relation to the Science of Metaphysics The understanding itself, in regard to representations and objects, is the paramount focus of Immanuel Kant’s (1724-1804), Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787). Although there is a manifold of philosophical definitions of what the critique of pure reason is defined as, this essay will assist in alleviating the flux that occurs when comprehending the meaning of Kant’s, Critique of Pure Reason. After reading mostRead MoreIntroduction to Immanuel Kant’s Theory of Deontology1382 Words   |  6 PagesChristian J McGinley, Essay #3, pg. 282-319, Question #12 on pg. 303 In chapter six of the textbook titled The Moral of the Story we are introduced to Immanuel Kant’s theory of deontology. This theory is one that deals with moral obligations and refers to the decisions that rational beings make when deciding if an action can be accepted through the process of the categorical imperative or not. There are many factors that contribute to this belief however there is also a long list of flaws thatRead MoreA Critical Evaluation of Worldcoms Ethical Problems Using the Deontological Framework1576 Words   |  6 Pagesof WorldCom and to answer the question of what are the ethical problems raised in the WorldCom case and to critically evaluate WorldComs ethical problems using the deontological framework. Finally, this study will assess WorldComs ethics and Immanuel Kants Categorical Imperative. I. WorldCom Ethical Problems Raised It is reported that the case study of Moberg and Romar (2003) notes WorldComs encounter with creative accounting to hide the true cost emerging in future quarters after an acquisitionRead MoreEthical Issues Faced By The Adelphia Case1310 Words   |  6 Pagesbe (Alexander, Moore, 2012). For example, while an individual has a duty not to steal from a property owner, the property owner has a reciprocal – and inherent – right not to be stolen from (Alexander, Moore, 2012). The renowned philosopher Immanuel Kant is well known for his Categorical Imperative, which generally states that â€Å"a given act is ethical only if we can will that act to be universally-acceptable† (Johnson, 2008). â€Å"In other words, if we cannot say that we would want everyone to actRead MoreSexist vs Misanthrope1018 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary The following journal will express how ethics theories take place into people personalities and thoughts. It focuses in a social dilemma about a misanthrope and a sexiest living their normal lives, and how they are influenced by their judgments in the decision making process. First of all, Harold, as a misanthrope person dislike people in general, no mattering gender, age, race, social preferences, etc. He does not treat people differently, therefore he does not discriminateRead MoreAristotle s The Kindest Cut1808 Words   |  8 PagesAristotle was amongst the first known philosophers to examine morality and conduct. In fact, his approach and perspective towards ethical practice and happiness was perhaps the most influential moral philosophy up until perhaps Immanuel Kant. As such, Aristotle’s moral philosophical approach can be used to examine and understand ethical practices and behaviors. The particular ethical practice that will be examined in this essay will be that of P aul Wagner, the fictional character featured in LarissaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Justices : What Is The Right Thing Essay1540 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is justice? In real life, we all look forward to fairness, and do things according to its fairness, but most of us do not have a profound understanding of justice. In the book Justices: What Is The Right Thing To Do? Michael J. Sandel searches and explores the meaning of justices, and he invites all the readers to discuss about many controversies that raised in today’s society. Sandel exams major approaches to define justices from utilitarianism, libertarianism to freedom, and he believes that

Difference Between Schooling And Education - 1277 Words

The structure of society is composed of six major institutions: health, economics, politics, religion, family and education. These institutional structures function to carry out the work of societies. Throughout the history of the United States of America the educational institution has undergone many structural, functional and methodological renovations. Beginning with the introduction of compulsory schooling, the intentions of the original planners of the modern schooling system have been gradually, yet radically, misconstrued. It is the goal of this essay to distinguish between schooling and education, to provide a brief history of compulsory schooling in America, and shed light on the differences in the schools created by the original planners and schools of modern times. It is important to note that schooling and education are not interchangeable terms. Education is the universal process of learning that occurs by experience as well as through formal institutions that spans the entirety of one’s life. Informal learning is the kind of education that one receives from events and persons who exert influence on their lives such as family, peers, media, etc. Formal learning, on the other hand, takes place in the school system. Schooling then, can be distinguished as the formal learning one receives as they progress through the educational system. The learning process is influenced by a multitude of things. Aspects of the system itself, for example, such as classroomShow MoreRelatedThe Difference Between Education and Schooling 902 Words   |  4 Pages 1.0 Introduction Twain was famous for his quotes and one of his saying mentioned on schooling which was â€Å"I never let my schooling interfere with my education, (Twain, No Date). However, what did Twain actually try to bring to everyone’s understanding in his saying? The definition for this quote cannot be simply defined through dictionaries as there is no specific definition for these words. We can, however understand this saying through our thoughts or experience, but when we do so, variousRead MoreSingle Sex Classes Should Not Be Incorporated Into Schools Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesSingle-sex education consists of separating male and female students and teaching them in different schools or classes. Although controversial and often looked as antiquated, more Americans have been considering single-sex schools as a viable option since the early 2000’s. The reason? With various problems public school education faces, many parents have been looking at single-sex education as a potential solution to some of those problems. In addition, with the very convincing gender rhetoric thoseRead MoreEssay On How To Tell Which Education A Child Needs831 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Tell Which Education a Child Needs I was born into a military family, and as anyone who has ever met a military family knows we had a tendency to move around quite frequently. Therefore for the first six years of my education, I was home-schooled and my mom was my teacher. This was a unique experience for me that I appreciate in hindsight. However, when my dad finally retired and we settled down in Abilene, the switch to a public school was one of my most confusing and exhilarating momentsRead MoreEssay on Rhetorical Analysis: Against School895 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis: Against School In the essay, Against School, John Taylor Gatto, expresses his strong belief in middle diction of how students in the typical public schooling system are conformed to low-standard education in order to benefit the society much more than the student themselves; causing schooling to be unnecessary as opposed to education . He believes that children and teachers are caught in extreme boredom as a result of repeated material. This boredom also causes a lack of maturity and independenceRead MoreFunctionalist And Conflict Paradigm Of The Role Schooling And Education1580 Words   |  7 PagesLuther King Jr. once said that â€Å"the function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education†. When we think of schooling and education and what it really entails many might assume it serves the same function. In this essay we shall elaborate on the views of the functionalist and conflict par adigm of the role schooling and education, we will also look at the differences and similarities of the two theories providingRead More Abstract Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The topic of year round schooling is quite controversial and greatly misconceived by the public. Most school systems tend to steer clear of the idea due to lack of support and academic success. Year-round schooling is not for everyone. Benefits however, include downsizing of schools, the reduction of building construction, and the ability to effectively meet the demands of the community. Students and teachers are typically placed on a multi-track schedule instead of the general nineRead MoreSingle Sex Education Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesIn the1990s, single-sex education gained interest over coeducation, and by the early 2000s, it had gained support from congress and the Bush administration. Since then single-sex education has benefitted many students, teachers, and parents. For all of the 1800s and most of 1900s coeducation had dominated schooling over the single-sex catholic and private schools.   Unfortunately, a Title IX provision was passed prohibiting sex discrimination, so that no person should be denied admission to any schoolRead More What I Believe (for now) About Teaching, Learning, and Schooling969 Words   |  4 PagesAbout Teaching, Learning, and Schooling A young boy stands on a beach surrounded by thousands of starfish stranded in the sand. The boy picks them up one at a time and tosses them back into the water. An older gentleman walks to his side and says, Young man, you are wasting your time. There are too many. You cannot even HOPE to make a difference. The boy smiles at him, picks up another starfish and tosses it into the water, then says, I made a difference to that one. ---Anonymous Read MoreHomeschooling And Public Schools : Types Of Schooling Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesHomeschooling and public schools are two types of schooling in America. Both types of education have their similarities as well as their differences. Statistics indicates that â€Å"about 3 percent of the school-age population was homeschooled in the 2011–12 school year† (http://nces.ed.gov/FastFacts/display.asp?id=91). Statistics also show that, â€Å"In fall 2015, about 50.1 million students will attend public elementary and secondary schools. Of these, 35.2 million will be in prekindergarten through gradeRead MoreStatistical Analysis Of Median Household Income Essay1094 Words   |  5 Pageshave been chosen randomly and data on the median household income (in dollars), average years of schooling, average lifespan (in years), and average number of people per household of the 100 chosen counties are noted. The results of this statistical analysis would pro vide a better understanding of the relationship between median household income and the socioeconomic aspects like average years of schooling, average lifespan (in years), and average number of people per household. Analysis Data for this

Business Strategy

Question: Write an essay onBusiness Strategy. Answer: Introduction: Nowadays, the major goal of the firm is to earn maximum profit and to sell the maximum amount of the products to the customers. Milton Friedman, the famous researcher adapted the shareholder approach to obtain the maximum profit. By earning the maximum profit, the firm returns the beneficiary amount to the shareholders who have their contribution to the risk. Friedman also argued that personally the business aims to earn the maximum profit and provide the appropriate facilities to shareholders. Personally, it is the shareholders responsibility, whether they want to contribute their personal share in the social services or the social responsibility. The related concept to the process is defined on a wide level and various aspects are defined, which are in favor and against of the topic. To identify the core concept of the statement, the critical analysis is also made for the particular process. The critical analysis is considered as the only method by which the aspects r elated to the negative and the positive perspectives can be clearly defined. The major purpose of the essay is to focus on the critical aspects related to the statement. While studying about the core concept, sometimes the negative aspects and at times the positive aspects are highlighted. This essay also covers the role of the CSR. The major sections which are defined in the essay are named as the major aspects related to the concept, role of profit and loss in concept, literature review, current business examples, critical analysis followed by the appropriate conclusion. Major Aspects related to the Concept: Milton Friedman propounded the various concepts and the theories related to the social responsibilities and the aspects related to it. In support of this statement, he also defines various different types of other statements to support the statement propounded by him. He also tries to collect the evidences and examples from the various organizations to prove the statement proposed by him. To survive in such a competitive environment, the business has only one responsibility that to use the maximum resources up to a great extent. In fact, the maximum utilization of the resources may also make to increase the activities related to the maximum profit earning. To define the profit, various subsections are also defined below. Literature Review: In one of the article it is defined thoroughly that the social responsibility is the method to maximize the profit by meeting the wants of the individual person, without imposing any initiation of force. The willingness to promote the business and to involve in the social activities is considered as the individual aspect and this individual aspect can only be fulfilled, when internally someone wants to complete it. The other article is helpful in discussing the critical aspects related to the topic. This topic of Friedman is considered as the most appropriate topic of the discussion. Many researchers and the debaters also tried to find out the appropriate aspect related to the statement. In this article, there are various small statements defined which are showing the critical analysis (Dunn Burton, 2008). The article shows that, Only people have the responsibilities, not the business or the appropriate organization. The business is being indulged in the legal aspect and to manage the social responsibility, is not included in the management of the business. If the statement relates to the moral responsibility, then it would become easier to explain the aspects related to the business. But as the business is explaining about the social aspect, the elements should define in an appropriate manner. Through this article, the social, legal and the other aspects are being defined by the Friedman (Fox , 2012). The journal relates to the Friedmans research which defines that the social responsibility is considered as the profit making aspect, but indirectly the managers hold the responsibility to manage the most important and appropriate aspects. Friedman also introduces the concept of the agency which directly helpful in intimating the process that the managers possess the direct obligation to work according the desire and the demand of the customers. In the literature review, there are various aspects which are defined on the vast level. By following the statement propounded by the Friedman, the other statement has also been introduced in the process. The statement states that The doctrine of Social responsibility taken seriously would extend the political mechanism on the large scale. The statement defines the other aspects related to the social responsibility in which it is clearly defined that the social responsibility can change the phase towards the political mechanism and the chances of the political aspects may also become stronger (Mariano, 2012). By analyzing and observing the various literature, journals and the article, it is quite clear that for providing the strength to the essay it is necessary to identify the important yet different aspects. Critical analysis: There are various researches which are in the favor against of the particular statement. Some of the positive aspects are the increment in the valued services, maintenance of the originality and other aspects are defined. The reports and the different researches defined that the organization tried to maximize the profit, but with that the suitable value will be provided to the customers. These valued services would be directly promoted to the sale of the product and proportionally the amount will be helpful in contributing in the social services. For example, for purchasing the product of the Nike, the Customers are ready to pay any cost and thus, from that cost some amount can be easily transferred to the social responsibility. To define the positive perspective of the statement, the role of the profit and loss is considered as an important one. By the profit and loss, the appropriate aspects are related to the process which can be defined easily. The aspects related to the profit (well) and loss (poorly) will be helpful in doing the forecasting of the business appropriately. By analyzing the profit and the loss ratio in the business, it will become easy to identify the maximum profit and loss in the business. By this, the completion of the social aspects can also be determined on the wider level. To earn the maximum profit, the organization needs to provide some valued services or the valued aspects to the customers. The only method to increase the profit is to provide something more valuable to the other individual. The business either it is small or it is large, has to provide the individual services to the people to get the successful feedback. There are various live examples which define the appropriat e aspects related to the social aspects and the responsibilities. So, in short it can be concluded that the business is actually benefiting the customers the people and proportionally, the business is also helpful in completing the social responsibility. So, by this, the positive aspect can easily be defined on the easy level. After analyzing the positive aspects, the negative aspects related to the statement are also defined by considering various articles, journals and the research aspects. There are various researchers who propounded the statements against the statement of the Friedman with the appropriate evidence. In one of the article, the statement propounded by the Friedman discarded from the initial level. Through the article, the question is raised about the validity of the statement. The business cannot be considered as the social responsibility, because logically the categorization of the business can be done on the corporate basis. In fact, the appropriate evaluation can only be done when the corporate level of the business is defined. Every business introduced for earning the maximum profit from the customers, then how could it become possible to contribute in the social responsibility. The people or the employees who are working in the organization hold the responsibility to manage the busin ess. In brief words, the corporation possesses the artificial environment and holds the artificial responsibilities. Secondly, the Freidman also fails in understanding the ethical behavior of the business. The ethical behavior will be helpful in increasing the marketing proposition. The ethical solution towards the social responsibility can also become possible because by this, both the social responsibility and the profit making aspect can get fulfill easily. The other statement against the Friedmans statement is that the corporate executives hold the responsibility to manage the business rather than the social responsibility. The executives hold the wide range of responsibilities like the responsibility of management, completing the desires of the customers and providing the maximum profit to the shareholders and many others. With this, the manager also wants to earn their maximum profit to feed their family and children. Then how it could become possible for a business to complete the social responsibility on the wide level? In fact, the corporate executives also have to manage and raise the business, according to the demands raised by the customers and the shareholders. So, the task of social responsibility will directly depend on the contribution of the customers and the shareholders. By assuming these positive and the negative aspects, it becomes easier to identify the pros and cons of the statement. Friedmans View on CSR: After identifying the critical analysis of the particular statement defined by the Milton Friedman, the individual view on the CSR is also defined. With the social responsibility, the corporate social responsibility also holds the important aspects in defining the statement propounded by the Friedman (Friedman, 2013). In favor of his own statement, the Friedman said that the social activities and the involvement of the organization in the corporate activity will directly influence the economic and the financial aspects of the organization. The shareholders are not able to decide that how the distribution of their money can be done. So, according to him, the company has to focus on their self-profit and self-motive rather than following the corporate social responsibility. After gaining the suitable profit, the company can involve in the CSR activities. This evidence derived from the article clearly shows that the Friedman is in favor of self- profit rather than the social services. To analyze the view of the Friedman on a deeper level, there are various separate views mentioned by the different researchers and the analyst. According to the socio- economic and utilitarian views, it is propounded that gaining profit in the business and to maximize the business is a good aspect, but not investing the share in social service is considered in the category of the unethical behavior. So, according to the other researchers view, the Friedman view is quite different and the motive is to earn the maximum profit. According to the Herzbergs motivator hygiene theory, the consumer defines that the easiest way to claim the social responsibility is to manage the label of the products in an appropriate manner (Lucid, 2008). By this, it becomes easier for the organization to earn the maximum profit and to gain the most appropriate feedback from the customers and the shareholders. On the aspects related to the CSR, there are various Meta Studies performed. These Meta studies are undertaken by the Griffin and the Mahon. There is no social relationship between the social aspects and the profit making process of the corporation (Omnex Inc, 2014). By analyzing the different views of the researchers, it is considered that the CSR is still considered as the most appropriate topic to be considered. Current Business examples: To fulfill the major conditions related to the statement, there are various live examples and the evidences collected from the various different types of literature defined. To earn the maximum profit and to make the appropriate distribution of profit among the stakeholders is the primary target of the organization. Simultaneously, to complete the social responsibility is also considered as an important aspect. To fulfill both the aspects, the various companies on a worldwide level introduce the different concepts of selling the product. By this, the task of social service may be completed easily and the organization may also able to earn the maximum profit. Both the positive and the negative examples are defined to solve the purpose (Friedman, 1970). The criteria for earning the profit may be decided on the basis of the type of business and the standards of earning the maximum profit. For example, Wal-Mart is considered as the major retail store in the UK, which provides the different varieties of the products to the customers. By this, the requirement of the customers may fulfill on the large scale. To complete the social responsibility and to make the maximum profit from the business, the free offers and the cash back offers are provided by the Wal-Mart. The maximum products are purchased by the customers. Similarly, by tying up with the other organizations, the Wal-Mart proposed the various products which will contribute in the social services in a different manner. The customers purchase the products and indirectly, the organization makes the maximum profit and also earns the fame in terms of the social services (Chicago, 2016 ). Various small organizations like the coffee offering organizations in the different firms and the various small chocolate making companies offer their products free of cost to the employees. After promoting their products, the companies ask the employees to purchase the products on maximum, so that they earn the maximum profit and indirectly contribute in the social aspects too. Starbucks the international coffee making and providing organization also provides millions of coffee to the customers. By this, the coffee making company tries to earn the maximum profit and the organization also becomes famous by offering the coffee to the customers. By this aspect, the organization can able to earn the appropriate image and by providing some amount for the social services, the company can able to make its identity in the good books of the people (Friedman, 2011). On the other hand, there are various examples of the other organizations too whose personal aim is to earn maximum profit rather than providing the social responsibility towards the people and the customers. For an example, the Cleveland organization dumped their chemical waste in the nearest river which is harmful for the health of the people residing nearest areas. Milton Friedman considered it appropriate because it is correct according to the business, but it does not provide any benefit to the social responsibility. Similarly, the Big tobacco is the organization which is continuously supporting the campaign and advertising related to the usage of the product. This is the biggest fraud with the health of the people, but the organization considered it right because it is suitable for the financial aspects of the organization. But simultaneously, the customers have to suffer from the health issues. So, these negative aspects are helpful in showing that the organization only wants t o earn the maximum profit rather than taking the social responsibility. By observing the negative and the positive aspects, it becomes easier to identify the statement on the critical level. Conclusion: As it is shown in the paragraphs above that there are various aspects and the research work are carried in the favor and against of the statement The only social responsibility of business is to make profit. From these researches, the easy conclusion can be drawn. By the analysis, it is identified that the Friedman provides the statement according to the profit gained in the business. He considers the social and corporate social responsibility on the secondary level, the primary purpose is to manage the personal profits. The essay is also helpful in defining the critical analysis of the particular statement. There are various negative and the positive aspects defined in the critical analysis which is also helpful in defining all the major aspects related to the process. Its not an easy task to change the views of the Friedman because he derived the views from the various theories. But, by accepting the positive views from the Friedmans theory and excluding the negative perspectives, it becomes easier to adapt the statement easily. The other theories may also take into consideration, by this, the solutions related to the social and the corporate social responsibility can be identified easily. Finally, the stakeholders and the customers are considered as the suitable source to manage the social responsibility and the process. Bibliography Chicago, T. U. o., 2016 . Corporate social responsibilty friedmans view. [Online] Available at: https://bfi.uchicago.edu/news/feature.../corporate-social-responsibilty-friedmans-view Dunn, C. P. Burton, B. K., 2008. FRIEDMANS THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS IS TO INCREASE ITS PROFITS: A CRITIQUE FOR THE CLASSROOM Fox, J., 2012. The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase What Exactly?. The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase What Exactly?, 18 April. Friedman, J., 2013. Milton Friedman Was Wrong About Corporate Social Responsibility. Milton Friedman Was Wrong About Corporate Social Responsibility, 12 August. Friedman, M., 1970. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits, 13 September. Friedman, M., 2011. The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profi ts: Business Ethics Now. Lucid, 2008. Milton Friedman on Social Corporate Responsibility. Milton Friedman on Social Corporate Responsibility. Mariano, J., 2012. In Defense of Increasing Profits as the Social Responsibility of Business. In Defense of Increasing Profits as the Social Responsibility of Business, 30 August. Omnex Inc, 2014. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Milton Friedman and CSR. [Online] Available at: https://www.omnex.com/sustainability/csr.html

Ebonics A Bridge to Help Black Essay Example For Students

Ebonics A Bridge to Help Black Essay I feel that the discussion on Ebonics has gone beyond the original objectives of the program. Ebonics is a bridge to make Afro-American children understand more the English language. Mexican Americans use the code-switching technique to learn the language. A phrase is said in English, and the translation is given in Spanish. This is also how the Chinese and the Japanese learn English. As a quote from an article writes,The real question is what happened to the good educational philosophy, which states that in order to teach a child you had to start from where the child is. The new Hispanic immigrants understand this and that is why we now have a move going on across this country for BI-lingual education. They demand, and get, teachers who understands Spanish and other Latin American dialects to teach their children English. They know that it does not matter if a child is African American, Chinese, Spanish, or Italian. For a child to learn they know you have to build on what that child knows. Therefore, if the child comes into the room saying dis and dat, the teacher instead of frowning needs to know that dis means this and dat means that and responds accordingly not with a frown but with the proper words.1Those who objects the introduction of English says that the introduction of Ebonics will assist those who do not fully understand standard English or who loses interest because they feel that the language of their community is being ignored. This is not about racism; this is a method of teaching. What you need to do is teach the child how to move from ebonics to standard English.2 said psychologist Robert Williams. Therefore, teaching ebonics origins could help children understand the differences from standard English. This is not too far fetched when you think about how millions of people travel to other countries these days with little computers in their hands that helps them translate another language to what they understand. When they want to say hello in F rench, Chinese, or Spanish they look up the word hello and the translation is given to them. Would they have been given the French words first without any hint of what it means? No way, they began with what they knew to find what they needed to know. Many people may ask how should we teach ebonics with standard English? During my research I found out there were tons of researches and studies that stresses ebonics as a bridge to teaching literacy to Afro-American students, As Aubry, Larry writes in his article, In a 1985 study at Cal State University Long Beach, 200 African American students in Black Studies composition courses were given a mini-course in ebonics during the first two weeks of class. The mini-course described the rule-governed nature of ebonics and its ten components: syntax, grammar and vocabulary, as well as world view, semantics, intonation, favored generes, learning styles, teaching styles, and speech acts (such as mocking). The students were then taught freshmen composition methods. Later, they tested higher than the white students on a written proficiency exam given to all freshmen composition students.3 This study and many other more can prove how ebonics could help solve the problem of illiteracy. The use of ebonics could solve many educational and economic problems. Students who are literate and proud will be able to survive through hardships in their daily lives, without the need of welfare. We need to understand, in order to teach, is to let one learn and not just forcing information into ones brain. Its true that this society requires everyone to speak and write correctly. We should not, however, throw the baby in cold water. Children can learn to distinguish between ebonics and standard English. The use of ebonics in the classroom offers teachers the wonderful opportunity to connect with their students, on a personal as well as educational level. In this open-minded environment, both teachers and students can learn from each other i n a communicative way. .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b , .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b .postImageUrl , .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b , .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b:hover , .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b:visited , .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b:active { border:0!important; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b:active , .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53713fd6c4410398e0c990873f28859b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ayn Rand Anthem Paper Essay I see therefore that this is another way of looking at the Ebonics issue. It is a tool for the students in Oakland to learn

Unmanaged Heart Essay Example For Students

Unmanaged Heart Essay Can a persons heart be controlled? Do all people go have some form ofemotional management or emotional labor in their lives? In the book, The ManagedHeart, written by Arlie Hochschild , discusses the issues of emotional labor andemotional management. In the book, it describes the difference between the twoissues and gives Hochschilds opinion on those issues. The first issue isemotional management. This is where the fight attendants learn how to deal withcertain situations that they might encounter. Basically, they are taught tomanage their emotions and look at their situation from the other side. By doingthis, the flight attendants can create a happy and more comfortable setting forthe passengers. On page 113 in the book, it states that the fight attendantsshould imagine a reason to excuse an obnoxious or unruly passenger. This is whatDelta teaches: emotional management. The other issue is emotional labor. The useof emotional management is emotional labor. They flight attendants use surfaceacting in everyday work life. They are there to make the passenger feelcomfortable and happy. This is a cover sheet for the flight attendants emotions. We will write a custom essay on Unmanaged Heart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They are in a way bottling up their feelings to produce another feeling. Theproblem with emotional labor and surface acting are they become a part of thatperson. Hochschild thinks that this is a bad thing because one will never breakaway from the emotional labor and in turn have trouble expressing their innerfeelings, (deep acting) in their private lives. In summary, emotional managementis emotional labor. Emotional management is the learning how to deal withsituations. Emotional labor is the actual use of the emotional management. Learning emotional management is helpful, but can affect that personslifestyle. When they use emotional labor, they are hiding their inner feelingsto create are better atmosphere for others. People using this might never beable to distinguish the difference between their surface acting and deep acting. Hochschilds sees this as a problem for the people affected by this emotionmanipulator. This will affect their friends, family, and the rest of society.

A Basic Lesson in Latin Prepositions

A Basic Lesson in Latin Prepositions In his 19th century book on prepositions in Latin, Samuel Butler writes: Prepositions are particles or fragments of words prefixed to nouns or pronouns, and denoting their relations to other objects in point of locality, cause or effect. They are found in combination with all the parts of speech except interjections....A Praxis on the Latin Prepositions, by Samuel Butler (1823). In Latin, prepositions appear attached to other parts of speech (something Butler mentions, but is not of concern here) and separately, in phrases with nouns or pronouns prepositional phrases. While they can be longer, many common Latin prepositions are from one to six letters long. The two vowels that serve as single letter prepositions are a and e. Where Butler says the prepositions help denote relations with other object in point of locality, cause or effect, you might want to think of prepositional phrases as having the force of adverbs. Gildersleeve calls them local adverbs. Position of the Preposition Some languages have postpositions, which means they come after, but prepositions come before the noun, with or without its modifier. Ad beate vivendumFor living happily has a preposition before an adverb before a gerund (noun). Latin prepositions sometimes separate the adjective from the noun, as in the graduation honor summa cum laude, where summa highest is an adjective modifying the noun laude praise, and separated from it by the preposition cum with. Since Latin is a language with flexible word order, you may occasionally see a Latin preposition following its noun. Cum follows a personal pronoun and may follow a relative pronoun. Cum quo or quo cumWith whom De may follow some pronouns, as well. Gildersleeve says that instead of using two prepositions with one noun, as we do when we say its over and above our duty the noun will be repeated with each of the two prepositions (its over our duty and beyond our duty) or one of the prepositions be turned into an adverb. Sometimes prepositions, reminding us of their close relationship with adverbs, appear alone without a noun, as adverbs. The Case of Nouns in Prepositional Phrases In Latin, if you have a noun, you also have a number and case. In a Latin prepositional phrase, the number of the noun can be either singular or plural. Prepositions almost always take nouns in either the accusative or ablative case. A few prepositions can take either case, although the meaning should be at least subtly different depending on the case of the noun. Gildersleeve summarizes the significance of the case by saying the accusative is used for whither? while the ablative is used for whence? and where? Here are a few of the common Latin prepositions divided into two columns depending on whether they take the accusative or ablative case. Accusative Ablative Trans (across, over) Ab/A (off, of from) Ad (to, at) De (from, ofabout) Ante (before) Ex/E (out of, from) Per (through) Cum (with) Post (after) Sine (without) Those single vowel prepositions can not appear before a word starting with a vowel. The usual form is the one that ends in a consonant. Ab can have other forms, like abs. There are subtle distinctions between several of these prepositions. If you are interested, please read Butlers work.

Strategic Marketing Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Marketing Case Study - Essay Example However, at this stage, other brands, especially those from overseas countries, are in a comfortable position in the market, thereby, posing a challenge to them. Thus, it appears that the time is ripe for the company to transform its product to meet the needs of the market. Obesity is a central focus for countries across the globe as a major public health concern in the present day and, therefore, shifting their market orientation to low-carbohydrate from premium is likely to benefit Fosters to a great extent in attaining higher market share for their product. Earlier when they marketed Pure Blonde, Fosters have focused on the premium quality of the product because the need of the hour has been answering the quest of a specific segment of consumers that have suddenly attained economic prosperity. What this segment has craved at that time has been a product that meets their distinct identity as a class of its own. Fosters have quickly recognized and responded to this expectation. Howe ver, at this stage, when other brands are commanding a better position with the premium concept, Pure Blonde needs to attract more customers by projecting their advantage as a low-carbohydrate product. This will definitely draw more people to consume their product and they can enhance their market share by deploying this strategy. On the other hand, this will preclude them from being considered as a brand focused on premium quality, which may entail the loss of some loyal customers. However, by the end of the day what matters is expanding the customer base and, in this context, an orientation towards the low carbohydrate aspect is a better option for the company to increase their sales. Discussion Question 2: Customer Profile for Female Consumers of Pure Blonde in 2013: Falls within the age group of 20 – 40 years Employed in good position and/or upwardly mobile family Cares ardently for appearances and remains obsessed with fat, sugar and carbohydrate contents of food intake Considers herself as part of the class with the right perspectives Will remain on a diet and conscientiously checks carbohydrate content in food and beverages Will rather avoid a ‘risky’ beer than enjoying it for other attributes and happily forgo a beer to save calories Will socialize with friends as well as spend time in bars, pubs or restaurants Consumes alcohol at home, with friends during lunch or dinner In the present day, the females go to extent in their bid to reduce body weight and attain slimness. Therefore, the primary concern of this segment of customers is the low carbohydrate content and they will definitely expect the product to be of a high quality. The product already enjoys a reputation for its quality and unique taste. However, it will have to add some feature that will be attractive to females and promote this aspect. Discussion Question 3: Pure Blonde’s previous success has come from the fact that they recognized the market potential at that time and modulated their product according to the market needs. Similarly, they have do rethink their strategy now and modify the product accordingly. The current marketing strategy of the company needs to focus on the product’s appeal as a low carbohydrate beer. Therefore, I would suggest the marketing director to align future marketing campaigns

Critique of Feminism in American Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critique of Feminism in American Cinema - Essay Example In the process, feminist ideologies in American cinema were hijacked, distracted, thwarted, and softened by masculine logic from the promising ambition to change and transform gender-biased patriarchal social structures. These three articles explained where feminism in American cinema came from, how it got to where it is now, and suggested ways to resolve issues and discover important answers. Writing more than 25 years ago, Mayne (1981) gave two clearly distinguished meanings of women's cinema. One meaning is "films made by women," and the other meaning is "films made for women" (p. 27). The first part of her article attempted to explain how films within each of these traditional definitions were transformed by feminists over time, using the "woman at the keyhole" metaphor to show how women gained status from being objects of voyeuristic curiosity and into curious voyeurs themselves. Mayne argued that there is a need to consider "what relationships women have had traditionally and historically, as filmmakers and as film consumers, to the medium" (p. 28) in order to "understand how women make movies" (p. 28). This argument founded on masculine (business-based) logic masks a basic natural fact: that men and women are different and that women and their feminist representation in cinema would be a constantly evolving and a permanently complex and elusive goal. Mayne explained that while it is true that having women at the other end of the keyhole is typical of masculine voyeuristic tendencies, it is also true that women love being seen, watched, and admired (p. 33-34). They want to feel and look beautiful, not for any reason or motive that is a sign of inferiority, but because that is how they are wired, and nothing is bad about that. It is only "not good" if such a natural human tendency is associated with a (blonde-haired or beautiful-faced) lack of intellectual capacity. This hasty subjective reaction, no matter how one looks at it, and whether it is applied to women or men, is more a reflection of the one who makes rash judgments based on looks and appearances and not based on interior substance. This is why women are the ultimate dialecticians, Mayne declared, recalling Ruby Rich, who argued that "for a woman today, film is a dialectical experience in a way that it never was and never will be for a man under patriarchy" (p. 40). Like Brecht's ultimate dialectician who lives the tension of two different cultures, "women bring into the movie theater a context and a certain coding from life outside the theater." This is perhaps the reason why women love different films in different ways, and why some films made by and for women reach their audiences in unique ways. Feminism in cinema has certainly shaped the way actors act and filmmakers - both men and women - do films, making the human experience richer and more sophisticated. This is good for all, not only for men and the patriarchy to understand women a bit better, but also for women to better understand themselves and how they look at the world. Making, watching and critiquing movies are, indeed, different and complex (p. 41-42). Also, they reflect the natural differences between men and women that provide the artistic cinematic world a dialectic tension that contributes to its magic, as cinema as a powerful medium of gender-based artistic expression must necessarily clash with cinema as an

Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islam - Essay Example Islam is not just a religion; in fact, it is a complete way of life which teaches Muslims peace, mercy and forgiveness (Mawdudi 1975). Islam is a relatively new religion as compared to the other religions of the world. Muslims believe that the Holy Prophet was the last prophet and there were many before him starting from Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and many more. The Holy Prophet was born in Makah and became the prophet at the age of 40. He was a pious man who had to face many persecutions in order to propagate the word of god. He faced persecutions because Islam taught equality amongst all and people of Makah were not willing to accept that. During his life, he propagated Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula and beyond. He led his life by example. Today’s Muslims try to follow the footsteps of the Holy Prophet, which is called the Sunnah. They try to live their lives like him in order succeed in the world hereafter. Hadith, the sayings of the Holy Prophet, also provid e Muslims with guidance for how to go about different endeavors. Religions are dogmatic in nature and Islam provides a complete guideline for how to go about our lives in the form of the Holy Quran, Sunnah and Hadith (Understanding Islam and Muslims, 2012). Muslims believe that the Holy Quran is the word of the Almighty Allah himself. ... plete code of life as instructed by Allah and serves as an authentic guideline to Muslims when in need of guidance for economic system, justice system, and proper human conduct; therefore, Muslims hold the Holy Quran in the highest regard. Since its very beginning, Islam was at the gateways of European countries. Merely 12 decades after the fatalities of the prophet Muhammad, Muslims spread out in Armenia, Atlanta, Georgia, Dagestan and elsewhere, such as places of the Byzantine Kingdom. 12 decades later, they were in the eastern places of this particular language (Arabic) and in almost all the places of the Mediterranean Sea from the region of the island of Malta to Sicily, Majorca and Rhodes. Extensive places in South Eastern European countries came under Islamic concept for over 500 decades, finishing only at the starting of the twentieth century (Europe and Islam: Shared History, Shared Identity, 2006). According to history, Muslim scholars have contributions in fields of psychol ogy, philosophy, ethics, education, mathematics, chemistry and humanities. ‘Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (864-930 A.D.) is a renowned scholar in the history of Islam. He made great contributions in the field of medicine and was a known philosopher. His contribution is of a great value to the people of the religion and is compared to that of another scholar named Ibn Sina. Al- Razi was known to have written many books in the field of medicine which included  Kitab al- Mansoori,  Ã‚  Kitab al-Mulooki  and others.   Kitab al-Mansoori was a book which was translated in Latin and mostly revolved around the subject of Greco- Arab medicine. (Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al-Razi, 2012). Another famous scholar known as Ibn Sina was born in 980 A.D. He was also known to be a great scholar for the

Media Bias And How It Affects Us Media Essay

Media Bias And How It Affects Us Media Essay The media affects our daily lives in numerous ways from television to radio to print. Sometimes these media avenues persuade our opinions on certain issues such as abortion, homosexuality, racism, and political. Numerous times throughout history the media has downplayed bias, which simply means prejudiced (â€Å"biased†). Media bias dates back to the early days of the newspaper and continues to this present day (Media Bias US 5). There are many examples throughout history showing biased media. Benjamin Franklin wrote a great example of early media bias in 1728 when he wrote an article in favor of printing paper money. Franklin did not specify he would be one of the beneficiaries, in terms of business, in printing the money (Media Bias US 5). Sometimes such bias pushed the political leaders of the time to limit the freedom of press, as did Abraham Lincoln when he ordered many newspapers, in favor of the South during the American Civil War era, to shutdown operation (Media Bia s US 5). There are countless times in history where the media has been bias towards one particular point of view. Many people in America today are not even aware the media is manipulating their way of thinking, although statistics state Americans realize the media is biased (Media Bias Basics 21-23). Some media bias has proven to be good, such as the mixing of racial characters in movies. The downside to this, however, was parts of the South would not show the racially mixed programs on television, as they believed in being separate and wanted to keep their agenda pushed through the media (Media Bias US 6). Most media bias is wrong and puts misguided thoughts and ideas into the minds of unknowing Americans. A good instance of this type of biased occurred when CBS aired falsified documents degrading both the character and the military service of George W. Bush (Media Bias US 3). Dan Rather eventually had to step down as anchor of CBS news for the story, as much of the public agreed that the news story and reporter swayed towards the liberal side. A poll taken in 2001 shows those in the media are four times as likely to identify with being â€Å"liberal† as compared to â€Å"conservative† (Media Bias Basics 11). This same report also showed members of the media were seven times more likely to identify with being a Democrat as opposed to being a Republican (Media Bias Basics 11, 12). This is a staggering statistics when a 2001 Gallop Poll found only 18 percent of the American people identify with being liberal, as opposed to 41 percent identify with being conservative (Media Bias Basics 15). While most may agree the media is bias to some extent, the media, for the most part, slants to the left when dealing with issues. While some may believe this is good, there are also consequences and repercussions to believing everything shown on television, radio, and in print. There are many different types of bias in the media. From racial to corporate, to bias appealing to the senses such issues persuade our views on issues and we are bombard daily by them (Media Bias 1). A good example of media entertaining these different types of media bias are there have been many missing people reported by the media, predominantly white women; this has lead some to speculate the news media shows more favor towards white girls who are attractive, as opposed to men and nonOsborne 3 white women by the media (Missing 1-3). While there are many other examples to media bias in these particular avenues, the topic the media spends the most time on is government and the political system. Very few, if any, media outlets existing today are striving to give the American people a balanced report on the news. A report done by the Project for Excellence in Journalism has published a report of the news media networks, of those reported only Fox News Channel reported positive (38%) about the same as they did negative or neutral (39%) on the war in Iraq (Annual Report 8). Much of the left accuses Fox News of containing a conservative point of view with many liberals not agreeing with the programming on Fox News no matter if it is true or not (Media Bias News Networks 1). Other media outlets fair poorly with conservatives too, with conservatives rating CNN and CBS amongst the worst in reporting the news (Media Bias News Networks 1). It is therefore not surprising the media outlet one political party despises, the other enjoys; as such, the majority of conservatives think highly of Fox News, with liberals thinking highly of CNN and PBS (Media Bias News Networks 2). Moreover, it is not surprising conservatives and liberals said the news anchors they found most entertaining were on the news networks they favored most (Media Bias News Networks 2). There are many different areas and topics for the media to cover; how the media covers those topics is solely up to them. Their mistakes these media outlets make in journalism, by using the power of persuasion, make it evident in the way people from various groups vote and feel about certain topics. While some may argue certain media outlets are better than others are, the argument of biased media will always be an issue. Since the founding of America there has always been media bias good and bad it has always helped shape the way Americans look at politics and the way the people vote.

Daniel Quinn’s Ishmael - Horrifying :: Quinn Ishmael Essays

Ishmael: Horrifying Among the people of your culture, which want to destroy the world? Which want to destroy it? As far as I know, no one specifically wants to destroy the world. And yet you do destroy it, each of you. Each of you contribute daily to the destruction of the world. This truth was stated by a gorilla named Ishmael who, through his experiences of being taken from the jungle, placed in a zoo in the 1930's, put in a menagerie, and bought by a private owner named Mr. Sokolow, had all the time in a world to think about the world around him. Daniel Quinn writes about the horrifying realities of our culture in a book called Ishmael, by stepping outside of the world as we know it and describing what he sees through a talking gorilla. Behind the bars of his cage, he was able to take a look at our culture as an outsider, to see things that we never could. This sagacious, passive, and extremely patient primate wanted to share this knowledge to others so as to stop man from destroying the world. So, he placed an ad in the paper and caught the attention of an eager student, the narrator, who was willing to save the world. Desperately confused, this everyday writer tries to step out of his culture and experience a whole new world. Day after day, this half ton gorilla, Ishmael, opens the narrators eyes and teaches him "how things came to be." He starts out by dividing man into two different cultures. He calls the people of our culture takers and the people of all other cultures leavers. Each culture has a story. In Ishmael's teachings, a story is a scenario interrelating man, the world, and the gods. This story is enacted by the people in a culture. In other words, people in a culture live as to make the story a reality. The first story Ishmael tells is that of the takers. Every story is based on a premise. The taker premise is that the world was made for man. If the world is made for man, then it belongs to him, and man can do what ever he pleases with it. It's our environment, our seas, our solar system, etc. The world is a support system for man. It is only a machine designed to produce and sustain human life.

The True Eternal Love Is the Love of a Mother to Her Child

As of now I have not yet experienced to carry a child to my womb. But you know what? I already felt it. It’s really hard to be pregnant in times of troubles and problems. My sister experienced it. On that time, she had to move away from us because my mom didn’t want to see her. It’s emotionally hurting. I know how she feels, how they feels. Mom is hurting too. But I knew her. She will never show her weaknesses to others. On the other side, Ate is hurting. She is emotional because she is pregnant. That’s why I just supported her.I tried to make her smile every day I’m going to their home. Yes, I’m visiting them without mom knowing it. I’m bringing her a piece of mango every day, or sometimes oranges, or an apple. I want her to be healthy for the sake of the baby, too. It’s really happy to think that in that way, we became closer and closer to each other. Almost all the time her husband was on his work. That’s why I’ m the one coming with her at the maternal clinic every schedule. I felt excitement when I saw the baby’s first picture! The doctor told us there that it was a girl. She’s pretty. I knew it! =)She’s seven months on her mother’s womb when Ate took steps on the stage to get her diploma. Yes, she did continue studying to finish her course. It’s not our mom who walked with her but our aunt. Thanks to our lovable auntie because she helped us to convince mom to let Ate live with us again. I know she can’t ignore it. Why? Because she do loves us, Very much indeed. Dramatic scenario when the entire member of the family cried. That was a happy night to remember, when our family from being broken unite as one again. And that, there is one little angel will be added to the family.It was June then. The baby grew bigger at Ate’s womb. The doctor told her to stop eating too much. The baby is too big and might get bigger if she continues to do so. If that happened, it will be hard for her to give birth. June 15 was actually her due date but until the 25th of June came, she’s not feeling anything that indicates she had to confine. I suggested then to take her to hospital so that the doctors could give her drugs. The baby was excited to feel us. I felt it too. She’s moving almost all the time. And it is ridiculous that whenever I’m asking her to move, she will definitely do t! She can understand and hear me. It’s blissful! The day came. It was 30th of June and I was on my school. I called my mom by lunch time and she told me Ate was still laboring. I was so worried. I know it’s difficult for her. If you could only see Ate, she is thin and little! And imagine that big angel on her tummy! The only thing I can do is praying. Surprisingly by 3:40, I was on my home from school, my mom texted me that Ate had successfully gave birth to her baby. And about her name? She was named Criziah Wynes M. Agao. |Pretty cool, isn’t it?The next day they came home. Ate was sick and tired. I bet she got to confine. It might be a serious illness like the doctor told them before they leave. She can’t even take care of Wynes. That’s why I’m helping my mom to fix things needed for our angel. And as time goes by, by God’s will, we became okay and the family became big and happy. Now Wynes is one! And until now, I am one of her so called moms. She’s always calling me. She wants to come with me whenever i’m going to school. She wants me to be with her whenever they’re going somewhere.I almost live at their house because she wants me to sing a lullaby for her at her sleeping time. But ask me about the feeling. It’s very happy to be with her EVERY MOMENT. I’m not her mom, but I can feel she is mine. She is my pain reliever, stress reliever and my happiness. She makes me smile though I’m not well. She makes me smile thru bad ti mes. I’m not a mom. But Wynes let me experience and feel it. I also don’t believe in eternal love, I never before. But as of now, I just realize that aside from God’s eternal love for us, there is another one. And it is the love of a mother to her child. =)

Analysis Life in a California Mission Monterey in 1786 by La Pérouse, Jean

Analysis Life in a California Mission Monterey in 1786 by La Pà ©rouse, Jean Introduction The Journal of Jean Franà §ois De La Pà ©rouse is an article that recounts general events associated with1786 French expedition to Monterey, California. Jean Franà §ois De La Pà ©rouse recorded information on Spanish encounter with region’s peoples, cultures, animals, and plant life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis: â€Å"Life in a California Mission: Monterey in 1786† by La Pà ©rouse, Jean-Franà §ois de Galaup and Malcolm Margolin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Natives of Monterey bay found themselves lonely island since they were cut off from even the most essential supplies and information (La Pà ©rouse et al. 4-5). Despite these, European countries such as Spain developed interest on the land. There was dire need for help within Spain’s northernmost outposts and at the same time lack of settlements worsened the situation. However, the French delegation to the re gion seemed more advanced in terms of knowledge and technology compared to their Spaniard counterparts. Accessibility to Monterey bay through sea or land was one of the most difficult tasks. This article discusses the main factors that were responsible for Spains weakness in California. Some of these factors include; culture, language barrier and poverty. Thesis Statement: â€Å"California was an isolated land with unique natives having unique traditional practices† Culture Culture comprises of people’s traditional values and practices hence forms a very important aspect of every community. Indian culture was marred with complexities which could best be described as primitive. Monks and soldiers of Spanish origin had village life which was quite different from that of the Europeans civilization. The kind of behaviours that the monks demanded of their new subjects was beyond expectations. Amongst these rules included chastity amongst unmarried, long hours of prayers as well as high level of obedience towards authority.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Soldiers and monks present in the Island forced Indians to abandon every of their tradition for the purposes of adapting to the European lifestyle within shortest period possible. These rules were instituted through monastery which happened to be an institution optional to Europeans themselves. According to the journal, Spain’s efforts within California were believed to have produced many frustrations on the side of monks as well as dire condition of misery for Indians. The situation was best described as complete disaster (La Pà ©rouse et al. 14-15). While Europeans needed to undergo several processes for their crops to be ready, Indians seem to gather acorns from oak trees revealing that they depended more on what nature offered. Such culture required no skill or advanced effo rt for Indians, their way of doing things involved lots of simplicity and also entailed levels of religious and social complexity. The societies of Indians were based on highly evolved network of economic and spiritual relationships (La Pà ©rouse et al. 25). The Spaniards could not adapt to the material culture of Indians, they failed in grasping the level of skill and degree to which Indians conducted their social life. The Indian government and religious beliefs within Monterey Bay differed greatly from that of European forms. The structure of governance practiced by the Indians did not rhyme with that of European origin including composition within institutional structures. Spaniards arrived with the assumption that Indians in Monterey lived under anarchy hence had no formal governance. At the same time there was assumption that natives had no form of religion since there were no visible buildings presenting sanctuaries or places of worship like temples. In this sense, Spaniards recognized nothing as religion amongst Monterey Bay Indians (La Pà ©rouse et al. 27).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis: â€Å"Life in a California Mission: Monterey in 1786† by La Pà ©rouse, Jean-Franà §ois de Galaup and Malcolm Margolin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This made them assume that the only true religion was that which Spanish monks brought with them. The situation was worsened by the fact that California was always marred with frequent crop failures, Indian revolts, interpersonal disputes between missionaries and soldiers. Spain earnestly wavered in its efforts to maintain outposts in California since the posts proved expensive and unrewarding (La Pà ©rouse et al. 17). Language barrier One of the common factors characterizing a community is the ability to speak the same language. This section describes various challenges that were posed by lack of common language amongst people in Monterey. Years before Spaniards landed in Monterey, there were some successive groups of different people who entered Monterey Bay with different cultures. Interactions from such groups followed by long periods of isolation led to creation of complexity in tribe and language within the region. History reveals that not less than twelve tribes lived within thirty miles of the site referred to as Mission Carmael. There were five different languages spoken within the same area. This provided Spaniards with lots of headache since they could not imagine the fact that a group as few as eight hundred people proved diverse in language and tribe, making the group impossible to assemble. The results were that the native population could not fit into the European vocabulary and conceptions hence no form of governance could be formed. There existed complexity from so many dialects and languages present amongst Californian Indians.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such situation arose from various intermarriages, trade relations, inter-tribal ritual observance as well as other high degree of intercommunication (La Pà ©rouse et al. 22). Despite the fact that Spaniards were considered superior in various aspects such as skills and resource capabilities, they could not bridge the disparity that existed in languages. This led to weak leadership which at some point failed to grasp entire cultural importance of Indian lifestyle. This could further be attributed to poor tactics implored in the event of trying to forcefully change the Indians living within Monterey Bay. At the same time Europe was considered rich in resources which enabled provision of substantial basic needs of which was at first was less treasured by Indians since their lives depended on what nature freely provided. Spanish monks appeared inferior and ill-equipped to deal with the native religion and language barriers (La Pà ©rouse et al. 37). Poverty Poverty is used to describe situation of lack on food produce and other essential basic needs. The Spaniard monks and soldiers grew weak for battle due to lack of enough food supply because California was totally an isolated region in 1786. The aspect is explained in the article through arrival of two French Ships which led to profound excitement within soldiers’ camps. This is since the two ships carried important supply including plenty of food. Monterey was situated at the northernmost extension of the Spanish Empire, good distance of 2,000 miles from the colonial centre of Mexico City, which was the reason as to why it couldn’t be easily remembered from the Cathedrals and courts of Europe. This can be justified from the fact that the arrival of the supply ship was always the great event of the year, it was always accompanied by excitement and celebrations amongst the soldiers and monks since goods arrived in plenty. However, after the departure of the supply boat, sadness ruled the camp since the return trip would take several months to return. The Spaniards could have focused on reinforcing colonial objectives and practices as well as scrutinizing public perceptions based on social benefits. However, the Spaniards at last managed to draw the Indians based on the dazzling nature of Spanish goods such as guns, clothes, European food, and means of transport through horses. Such provisions provided them with better alternative to there daily livelihoods hence seemed wonderful beyond belief. Conclusion Spaniards encountered various challenges based on a number of activities they had planned to institute upon Indian natives of Monterey bay. This is since â€Å"California was an isolated land with unique natives having unique traditional practices†. Compositions of their operations relied on a wide range of individual military and religious skills. This was focused towards making various subsidiary governmental institutions within the Indian traditional system. The ope rations proved complex at some point since the level of integration between traditional systems amongst the many tribes and the European way could not effectively match. These weaknesses could only be addressed through implementation of efficient communication links between various institutions and the natives. Based on efficient management capabilities, each individual institution i.e. military and religious should have conducted their practices with due diligence to ensure minimum rebellion. Such devolution method could have enabled easy adjustment of individual systems in accordance to the needs and requirements of various tribes within Monterey. However, there was overall investigation on effects of such resistances by various European countries such as France and Britain. At the same time, detailed determination on whether success was inherent based on various social institutions brought by foreigners or whether it was relative based on the traditional practices of the natives was a question worth an answer. La Pà ©rouse, Jean-Franà §ois de Galaup and Malcolm Margolin. â€Å"Life in a California Mission: Monterey in 1786.† Journals of Jean Franà §ois De La Pà ©rouse. 2(1995): 1-60

African American Immigration Essays

African American Immigration Essays African American Immigration Essay African American Immigration Essay Essay Topic: The Bean Eaters African American Immigration Victoria L. Knight Axia College of University of Phoenix CRT 125 Cultural Diversity Ms. Sandra Collins April 12, 2007 African American Migration New Societies, new people, and new communities usually originate as a result of migration. People decide to move from one place to another for better opportunities, better lives, and new challenges. This remains true for the African American race as well. It has been believed that the original migration took place in 1619 when African Americans arrived to Jamestown, Virginia. However, the first African Americans migrated to the United States almost a century earlier in the 1500’s coming from Mexico and the Caribbean to the Spanish territories of Florida, Texas, and other parts of the South. African-American Migration Experience Though many migrated to the U. S. voluntarily, most African Americans were victims of massive enslavement. War, slave raiding, kidnapping and political religious struggle accounted for the vast majority of Africans deported to the Americas. African Americans were forced into slavery. Many children were kidnapped and sold as slaves. There were those of which who rebelled by refusing to be enslaved that would be expelled from their homes and families then either murdered or forced to be slaves. Slavery developed because the Northern Africans had a monopoly over spices, gold, and other commodities that the Europeans wanted. Europe would send ships back and forth to Africa to trade goods and in the process they were able to grow comfortable with navigating the seas. As a result, Europe was able to develop very good shipbuilding skills that in turn led to the sending of large vessels. That moved the Portuguese to add an additional commodity to their cargo: African men, women, and children. The Portuguese then used African Americans as slaves to work their sugar plantations. Over time English and Dutch ships preyed on the Portugal vessels for slaves, while raiding and looting the African mainland. Slaves were brought to the United States of America during the triangular trade. Ships were built to handle a maximum of 350 people, but Europeans would transport over 800 men, women, and children under some of the harshest conditions. Slaves would be branded, stripped naked during the entire trip, lying down in the midst of filth, all while enduring unbearable heat. All slaves went through frightening, incredibly brutal and dehumanizing experiences. Women and children were raped for the pleasures of the crew. The sick were tossed overboard unto the sea. People who tried to starve themselves to death were forced to eat by the torturing of scolding hot coal pressed onto their bodies. African-American Migration Experience Those who survived the Middle Passage arrived to America only to encounter more grief. They were sent to plantations and farms for agricultural duties. They were used for mining, and placed in towns as servants. In South Carolina and Georgia they grew rice, cotton, and indigo. In Louisiana they slaved over sugarcane plantations. They labored over tobacco farms in Virginia and Maryland. This went on until 1808 when the United States abolished its slave trade from Africa. However, slave trade went on unabated until 1860. In 1898 the boll weevil ate its way through Texas and proceeded to eat its way East across the South. The cotton was destroyed and slaves were thrown off of the land. After WWI there was an economic boom that resulted in the need for agricultural work, but unfortunately most states in the South passed the Jim Crow laws that discriminated against African Americans and led to segregation. African Americans couldn’t attend the same schools as white Americans. They couldn’t use facilities such as restaurants, theaters, hotels, cinemas, and public baths. Public transportation was also segregated and in some states marriage between white and black people. African Americans were at the mercy of landlords, abusive employers, and almost anyone set on depriving them of their rights. This went on until president Franklin D. Roosevelt was forced to issue an executive order mandating the end to racial discrimination. The Fair Employment Practices Committee was created to enforce this mandate, which acted as the launching pad that would bare dividends in the future. Riots erupted in 1943, leading to beatings, deaths, and arrest. African American then resulted to boycotts and sit-ins during the Civil Rights movement. As a result, the Supreme Court reversed the separate but equal doctrine in 1954, ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. There was also the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act that signaled an attack on Jim Crow. The African-American Migration Experience This report reveals the enormous amount of pain, grief, and violence suffered by my ancestors during slavery. I am so appreciative to all those people who marched, boycotted, and endured the pain and suffering so that my children and I could have the freedom to eat in any restaurant, sleep at any hotel, drink water out of any fountain, and go to school to get a good education. I may not be able to relate culturally to the ethnic group that I have written about because I am way too young, but that doesn’t change the fact that I recognize what they fought and stood for and I plan to make sure that my children are taught the history of how African Americans migrated to the United States, and what they went through to get here. References In Motion. The African-American Migration Experience. Retrieved April 9, 2007, from inmotionaame. org/home. cfm

Altruistic athlete Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Altruistic athlete - Essay Example His hope was to raise $1 from every Canadian to fight cancer. In a letter he wrote to the Canadian Cancer Society, â€Å"I’m not a dreamer, and I’m not saying this will initiate any kind of definitive answer or cure to cancer, but I believe in miracles. I have to.† (terryfox.org) On April 12, 1980, Terry began his Marathon of Hope in St. John’s, Newfoundland. Terry ran for 143 days and covered 3,339 miles before he was forced to stop just outside of Thunder Bay, Ontario, because his cancer had spread to his lungs. He had to stop and return to British Colombia for treatment. On September 2, 1980, one day after Terry was forced to stop running, Chairman and CEO of the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts sent a telegram to the Fox family. He wrote, â€Å"You started it. We will not rest until your dream to find a cure for cancer is realized.† (terryfox.org) Terry received many awards for his efforts, among them are the Companion of the Order of Canada, The Order of the Dogwood award (British Columbia’s highest civilian award), the Lou Marsh Award for outstanding athletic accomplishment, and The Sword of Hope, given him by the American Cancer Society. Shortly before his death, Terry Fox 2 finally realized his dream. As the Canadian population reached 24.1 million, his Marathon of Hope fund reached $24.17 million.

Law issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law issues - Essay Example Regardless of whether or not Alice’s estates pass under the rules of intestacy or as a testamentary disposition of property, Meg’s inheritance is also an issue as it appears that she died simultaneously with Alice and is survived by her son Phillip, who is presumably a minor and was a dependent of Meg’s. Thus the Inheritance (Provisions for Family and Dependents) Act 1975 may also affect the manner in which Alice’s property is divided, particularly as it relates to Meg’s inheritance. The Law, Legal Rules and Application of the Law to the Facts The formal requirements for making and/or rectifying a will are necessary for providing a method by which testators can dispose of their property as they wish in a way that either detects or prevents fraud.1 In this regard, Section 9 of the Wills Act 1837 provides that in order for a will to be valid it must be in writing, signed by the testator, and witnessed and attested to by at least two witnesses.2 It mus t also appear that upon signing the will, the testator intended to â€Å"give effect to the will† by his/her signature.3 On the facts of the case for discussion the signing and witnessing of the will do not appear to be an issue. Whether or not Alice intended to give effect to the will may arise since she made what appears to be changes to the contents of the will. However, the mere fact that the will was properly signed by Alice will suffice to satisfy the requirement that she intended by her signature to give effect to the will.4 The timing of the changes made to the will can be important for establishing the validity of those changes. For example, it was held in Re White that where changes were made subsequent to the making and execution of a will and were not re-signed, the testator’s previous signature cannot provide evidence that the testator intended to give effect to the revised will.5 Further guidance with respect to the effect of the changes made by Alice to the will is provided by the Wills Act 1837. Section 21 of the Wills Act 1837 provides that: No obliteration, interlineation, or other alteration made in any will after the execution thereof shall be valid or have any effect, except so far as the words or effect of the will before such alteration shall not be apparent, unless such alteration shall be executed in like manner as hereinbefore is required for the execution of the will...6 In other words, if a will is altered prior to its execution, the alteration will be deemed to be valid. However, where the alteration is made in the absence of attestation, it is presumed that the alteration was made after the execution of the will. However, this presumption can be rebutted by evidence such as sworn witness statements.7 Nevertheless, Section 21 of the Wills Act 1837 implies that when alterations are not apparent, it can be assumed that the alterations were made prior to the execution of the will. However, where the alterations and oblit erations are obvious, it is best that the testator execute the alterations in same manner as the will is executed. It was held in Re Shearn’s Goods that where the testator’s signature together with witnesses’ signatures appear in the margin or anywhere near the alterations, the alteration will be valid and admitted to probate.8 On the facts of the case

NURSING RESEARCH DISCUSION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NURSING RESEARCH DISCUSION - Assignment Example From all the importance listed above, many government agencies as well as professional associations have come up with specific rules in relation to biomedical research. For example, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and National Institute of health (NIH) play crucial roles. Institutional review board (IRB) is an organization that has the role of monitoring as well as approving biomedical research on human subjects. Even though IRB has the key function of safeguarding human subjects, it has failed in fully implementing its role. As stated by bioethicists, IRB has not been strict in carrying out its roles due to conflicts of ideologies. An example of failed protection against human rights is depicted where a fake product called Adhesiabloc was approved by Coast International Review Board. In addition, IRBs have exemptions in a number of human subjects for example research on human subject that involve special as well as standard instructional

Philosophy of Mind Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Mind Essay Since centuries, our philosophers have been trying to unravel mysteries of our memory, thought processes, different emotions, will power and imaginations culminating into what is known as different intellectual and conscious part of our personality.   Our mind, as our great literary figures have posited, is a stream of our consciousness and is a part of our brains inherent processes. Our mind is a place where our reasoning power gets the shape and takes the practical form. As also said in Indian Vedic philosophy, He who knows the receptacle (Ayatana) verily becomes the receptacle of his people. Mind is verily the receptacle (of all our knowledge). – (Chhandogya Upanishad, V-i-5.) Different studies by our philosophers have been compounded into various theories each delving into the depth of various aspects of our mind processes. Its earliest studies have been found in the works of Zarathushtra, Mahatma Budha, Plato, Aristotle, Adi Shankara and many more ancient Greek and Indian Philosophers.   Many of the pre scientific philosophers based their theories on relationship between the mind and the soul, supernatural elements of faith, having a feeling of closeness with divinity or god, but on the other hand modern theorists based their theories on their research and scientific studies of the brain. These theories rely heavily on the fact that the mind is a phenomenon of the brain and is a tantamount of consciousness. The study of the relationship between the body and mind is the most central aspect to the philosophy of mind, despite of the fact that there are number of issues related to the nature of the mind which does not take into consideration its relationship to the physical body. The most crucial and complex differences of thoughts are arising among different theorists regarding the exact and most appropriate theory of mind. Though various theorists have developed their own different versions to make us understand our own functioning of mind yet as more and more theories are coming up, more and more it is getting difficult to come out with the best theory of all. As all theories are able to capture the intensity of readers to make us understand the core of our mind and thoughts, yet it is very challenging to understand â€Å"Which is the best?† Here I am trying to unravel the mystery to understand which theory-Dualism, mind-brain identity or functionalism is a correct theory to understand all about mind. Dualism is a most important school of thought that has tried to solve the most paradoxical and most important relationship of mind and body problems. It has tried to make several attempts to sure that mind and body in some way or the other detach from each other. Roots of Dualism dates far back to Plato, Aristotle and the Sankhya and Yoga schools of Hindu philosophy but in a most precise way it was understood by Rene Descartes only in the 17th century. His philosophical disposition is based on the fact that the mind is independent in itself and constitutes two different kinds of substances like â€Å"res extensa meaning extended things, physical things† and â€Å"res cogitans means thinking things†, (Descartes, Online Edition ). The thinking things are beyond the dimensions of time and space and are thus separate in itself whereas Property dualists thinks that there are several independent properties known to us. It is quite clear from his disposition that he is trying to explain the importance and concept of soul, giving religious discourse. But in this all, he has tried to explain that there is an interaction of mind in pineal gland, from where there is a control on bodily actions and receive sensory perceptions. But this approach of Dualism is not without criticism as its properties are more of dubious in nature. Their theory is based on religion and their ardent faith but no element of scientific fact is found in this. If we visualize and understands that if there is a soul in our physical body and the soul can have drastic effect then it is quite natural that it should be able to generate new energy to bring the bodies into moment.    It is argued that if the soul exists and it can affect the body then it must be able to create new energy to move the body, but this is sheer violation of the theory of the conservation principle.   Owen Flanagan, in his The Science of the Mind says,†If the mind according to Descartes is not a physical system therefore it also could not have any energy to prove herself but in-order to increase this physical energy, the need of the hour is to get it transferred from other physical system but it is not possibl†e. (Owen Flanagan, pp. 21, Mind creators.com). To overcome the limitations of the Dualism, several philosophers and psychologists began to ignore the very concept and existence of mind itself and by doing so their expectations to touch the cord of mind began to flow towards the realistic parts of our lives. Therefore in the beginning the new generation of philosophers came up with what is known as Type Identity Theory.  Ã‚   They posters the view that though the structure of every person’s brain is similar yet in the brain of every person there are certain differences therefore it is not possible to find oneself in a position of same neurological state. Therefore this theory soon took the shape of Token Taken theory implying that if there are two people having different neuropsychological states, then what is it that brings them into the same mental state? And to this they answered that it is due to the function of those two states only that had created them same. This leads to functionalism theory, which says that, â€Å"Two different brain-state tokens would be tokens of the same type of mental state if the two brain states had the same causal relations to the input stimulus that the organism receives, to its various other mental states, and to its output behavior†. (Functionalism, online edition). In simple words, he said that there were supposed to be two thoughts, which are same, and all of the inputs, internal and external, lead to the same output. With this statement, psychologists tried to bring all the conditions of the mind set in equilibrium. This leads to the functionalism theory. Though there are several problems to this approach too yet we can very say that if this theory of functionalism is adopted, it will take us into next major breakthrough, but all is not well with Functionalism too as it failed to explain in clear terms the fact that even if there are conditions of different physical states which gives different material phenomenon, then there is no possibility of different physical structures to regain equality.  Ã‚   . While there is a great controversy to come at the concrete conclusion about which one is correct theory of mind,, but it is a matter of fact that functionalism is the most popular theory among scientists as well as philosophers of today. According to this theory, all the aspects of mental state like beliefs, pains, hopes, fears, etc. depends and are divided on the bases of their activity and are characterized by the jobs they do, or in other words according to the functions that they perform. Just like computers understands the main idea behind our thoughts process in the same way our brains captures our thought processes from our mind and induces us to act accordingly. WORKS CITED Anderson, David. â€Å"Introduction to Functionalism† Consortium on Mind/Brain Science Instruction. Internet. (2006) Available: http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/functionalism_intro/functionalism_intro.php?modGUI=44compGUI=1403itemGUI=2447, March 5, 2008   Cofer, David. â€Å"Dualism† MindCreators.Com Internet. (2002) Available:   http://www.mindcreators.com/Dualism.htm, March 5, 2008 Cofer, David. â€Å"Functionalism† MindCreators.Com Internet. (2002) Available: http://www.mindcreators.com/Functionalism.htm, March 5, 2008 McAdoo, Oliver. â€Å"Critically discuss the idea that mental states are identical to physical states† arrod.co.uk Internet. Available: http://www.arrod.co.uk/essays/mind-brain-identity.php, March 5, 2008 Chance, Tom. â€Å"Mind-brain identity theory† Internet. Available: http://tom.acrewoods.net/research/philosophy/mind/identitytheory, March 5, 2008 Swamy   Sivananda, â€Å"Mind Its Mysteries Control†, The Divine Life Trust Society, 1994, World Wide Web Edition, 1998, A Divine Life Society Publication, Internet Available, http://www.dlshq.org/download/mind.htm Flanagan, Owen (1991). The Science of the Mind, 2nd edition. MIT Press. pp. 21.

Delegating Authority in a Large Organization Essay -- Business and Man

Delegating Authority in a Large Organization Management 330 Delegating authority in any large organization is required to keep a steady workflow within the organization. Delegation is the process of distributing the workload in a top-down flow within an organization. Managers have a responsibility to delegate for the benefit of themselves and their subordinates but should not abuse the power of delegation by using it to make others take responsibility for their mistakes. Delegation allows managers to relieve some of their workload and allows subordinates a chance to learn the management field through on the job training. There are various ways to delegate within an organization and proper and improper ways to do it. Delegation was accomplished at my previous employer through weekly assignment meetings or direct tasking. Because I stay at home now with the children, who are one and four years old, delegation consists of minor tasking such as making a bed or cleaning toys up. Rules for delegation stay the same at any home or organization, someone is passing work along to a subordinate so they can accomplish their own tasking or teach the subordinate what they need to learn. In a company, delegation generally follows a hierarchy and moves from top-level management to middle level management to lower level management to the workforce. The person delegated should be the appropriate level for the goal that will be accomplished. There is no sense in delegating a task to someone without the skill or knowledge to complete it unless the delegator is willing to teach the procedures to do so. Unfortunately some managers use delegation as a way to pawn responsibility off on subordinates and avoid circumstances involved with not achieving a goal. These are bad management practices and should not be tolerated by upper level management. Not taking responsibility for their actions can lead managers to have a dissatisfied workforce that is not willing to accept delegation of important assignments. There are multiple advantages and uses for management delegating tasks. As managers move from lower to mid to upper level management they take on more responsibility and larger workloads so saving time is a critical factor in delegating, most managers are required to focus on higher-level activities and it frees the manager to devote mor... ...n insightful knowledge, which the subordinate may very well have, this step can help everyone involved to understand the tasking that is to be done. Allotting the resources needed to complete the project can make or break the project. If proper resources are not allowed then the project can either not be done or will only be done to the limit of the resources that were allowed, which in most cases is unsatisfactory. Scheduling checkpoints for review to make sure that goals are being met and following through on those checkpoints to make sure that satisfactory progress is being made are the final steps in the delegation process. Not following the steps of proper delegation can lead to poor or inadequate goals being achieved and dissatisfaction among management and workers alike. Delegation should be used in some stages of management more than others. The planning and organizing stages of management require the most delegation for research into how to accomplish them and put plans into action. The leading stage of management requires some delegation to thin a managers workload. The controlling stage of delegation should require little to no delegation by a manager.